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bocadillos científicos

Diablillo cartesiano de condimento

Experimenta con un diablillo cartesiano.

Los cambios de presión que ejercen los líquidos afectan la flotabilidad de un diablillo cartesiano hecho con un paquete de condimentos. El diablillo flota, se hunde o se desplaza dado a los cambios de presión.


Temas: Química, Materiales y materia, Ciencias de la Tierra, Océanos y agua, Física

Palabras clave: densidad, flotabilidad, presión, video, español

 

Language: 
Español

Grade Bands: 
K-2
3-5
6-8
9-12
Subject: 
Chemistry
Materials & Matter
Earth Science
Oceans & Water

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Video demostrativo


Herramientas y materiales

  • Vaso
  • Agua
  • Varios paquetes de condimentos tipo salsa, como salsa de soja, kétchup o mostaza
  • Botella de plástico transparente con tapa a rosca

Montaje del experimento

  1. Llena un vaso con agua y coloca allí varios paquetes para ver cómo funcionarán (consulta la foto). Los paquetes que mejor funcionan en esta actividad son aquellos que flotan poco.

     
  2. Después de identificar el paquete adecuado, llena con agua una botella vacía de plástico transparente hasta el borde. Coloca el paquete de condimentos sin abrir en la botella de plástico. Vuelve a colocar la tapa y listo

Haz y observa

Aprieta la botella de plástico para hacer que el diablillo cartesiano se hunda y suéltala para que este suba.


¿Qué está sucediendo?

La clave para que esto funcione es elegir un diablillo de paquete de condimentos que flote poco. Si bien muchas salsas son más densas que el agua, esto funciona porque, en realidad, la burbuja de aire sellada dentro del paquete es lo que determina si se hundirá o no.

Al apretar la botella, aumenta la presión ejercida en el paquete de condimentos, lo que comprime el interior de la burbuja de aire. El aumento de presión comprime el aire en el paquete y, por lo tanto, este desplaza menos agua, lo que disminuye su flotabilidad y hace que se hunda. Al soltar los lados de la botella, la presión disminuye y el aire dentro del paquete se expande una vez más. La flotabilidad del paquete aumenta y el diablillo se eleva.

El filósofo griego Arquímedes fue la primera persona en notar que la fuerza ascendente que el agua ejerce sobre un objeto, ya sea que este esté flotando o sumergido, es igual al peso del volumen de agua que el objeto desplaza. Es decir, la fuerza de flotación es igual al peso del agua desplazada.


Explora más

Cambia la forma de la botella de flotación y obtendrás un efecto adicional. Si usas una botella de plástico delgada y plana (como de champú o enjuague bucal), apretar los lados que no son uniformes cambia lo que ocurre dentro de la botella.

Elige un diablillo que flote poco, colócalo en una botella llena de agua y luego tapa la botella. Aprieta los lados anchos de la botella y haz que el volumen interior se achique: la presión dentro de la botella sube, lo que comprime la burbuja de aire en el paquete y este se hunde y permanece en el fondo (como lo hizo en la actividad anterior). Aprieta los lados angostos de la botella y agranda el volumen interior: la presión dentro de la botella disminuye, lo que permite que la burbuja de aire en el diablillo se expanda y este se eleve.

Con una botella redonda, no podrás lograr que el diablillo vuelva a subir una vez que esté en el fondo.


Retroalimento

Favor de compartir tu retroalimento para poder mejorar los Bocadillos.



Recursos

Bocadillos científicos

Los Bocadillos son experimentos científicos interactivos en español que utilizan materiales comunes.

Recursos gratuitos para aprender ciencias

Comienza a aprender en línea con estos recursos gratuitos en español.


Creative Commons License

Este trabajo está licenciado bajo Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
Atribución: Exploratorium Teacher Institute

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