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bocadillos científicos
actividad demonstrando electricidad estática
actividad demonstrando electricidad estática
actividad demonstrando electricidad estática
  • actividad demonstrando electricidad estática
  • actividad demonstrando electricidad estática
  • actividad demonstrando electricidad estática

Pulgas eléctricas

Haz tu propio circo de pulgas eléctricas saltarinas.

Probablemente conoces algunos de los efectos de la electricidad estática: produce chispas cuando te peinas en un día de frío y hace que los globos se peguen a la pared en una fiesta de cumpleaños. En este Bocadillo, la electricidad estática hace que las “pulgas” eléctricas comiencen a saltar.


Temas: Química, Materiales y materia, Física, Electricidad y magnetismo

Palabras clave: electrostática, basado en una exhibición, español

 


Grade Bands: 
K-2
3-5
6-8
9-12
Subject: 
Chemistry
Materials & Matter
Physics
Electricity & Magnetism

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Herramientas y materiales

  • una hoja de papel grande de 11 × 17 pulgadas (28 × 43 cm o formato A3)
  • cuatro soportes, cada uno de 1 a 2 pulgadas (2.5 a 5 cm) de alto
  • una lámina de plástico acrílico u otro plástico transparente (aproximadamente 1 pie [30 cm] cuadrado y 1/8 de pulgada [3 mm] de grosor)
  • pequeños trozos de “materiales”: la brillantina aluminizada funciona bien, al igual que los granos de arroz, cereal de arroz inflado, especias (hierba de eneldo o albahaca seca, clavo molido, nuez moscada molida) o trozos de espuma de poliestireno
  • un pedazo de tela de lana o piel

Montaje del experimento

  1. Pon el pedazo de papel sobre la mesa.
  2. Coloca los soportes sobre el papel debajo de las cuatro esquinas del plástico.
  3. Esparce los pedacitos de espuma de poliestireno, especias, brillantina o arroz sobre el papel y coloca el plástico encima. (Puedes montar este ensamblaje sobre cualquier mesa).

Haz y observa

Crea una carga eléctrica en el plástico, frotándolo vigorosamente con el trozo de tela de lana o piel. ¡Mira bailar a las “pulgas” saltarinas!

Prueba diferentes tipos de material para poner carga eléctrica al plástico, incluida tu mano, y experimenta con otros materiales para “pulgas”. Además, prueba colocar el plástico a diferentes alturas del papel.


¿Qué está sucediendo?

Tanto el plástico como las “pulgas” comienzan eléctricamente neutros: es decir, tienen el mismo número de cargas positivas y negativas. Cuando frotas el plástico con el paño de lana, el paño transfiere cargas negativas al plástico. Estas cargas negativas polarizan las pulgas, atrayendo las cargas positivas a la parte superior de las pulgas y empujando las cargas negativas hacia abajo. La atracción entre el plástico negativo y la carga positiva concentrada en la parte superior de las pulgas hace que las pulgas salten hacia la parte inferior del plástico.

Cuando una pulga toca el plástico, parte de la carga negativa del plástico fluye hacia la pulga. La parte superior de la pulga se vuelve eléctricamente neutra. Pero como toda la pulga era originalmente neutra, la pulga ahora tiene un exceso de carga negativa. La pulga cargada negativamente y el plástico cargado negativamente se repelen fuertemente, lo que hace que la pulga salte rápidamente de regreso a la mesa. A medida que el exceso de carga negativa de la pulga se drena lentamente hacia la superficie de la mesa o hacia el aire, la pulga nuevamente se vuelve neutra y está lista para saltar al plástico una vez más.


Explora más

Mientras las “pulgas” saltan, coloca una de tus orejas cerca o sobre el pedazo de plástico. Escucha el golpeteo de las pulgas cuando chocan con el plástico. La frecuencia de golpeteo disminuye lentamente a medida que se agota la carga del plástico. El baile de las pulgas suena como el chasquido de un contador Geiger que mide una fuente radiactiva que se está desintegrando.


Créditos

La traducción al español fue realizada en colaboración con el California Science Center.

 


Retroalimento

Favor de compartir tu retroalimento para poder mejorar los Bocadillos.



Recursos

Bocadillos científicos

Los Bocadillos son experimentos científicos interactivos en español que utilizan materiales comunes.

Recursos gratuitos para aprender ciencias

Comienza a aprender en línea con estos recursos gratuitos en español.



Creative Commons License



Este trabajo está licenciado bajo Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).

Atribución: Exploratorium Teacher Institute

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