Masks and vaccinations are recommended. Plan your visit

Exhibits

At Black Sand, see the shape of an invisible magnetic field.
Exhibit developer Richard Gagnon explains how the exhibit came to be and how it's taken care of.
Big magnets and black sand were made for play.
Explore the mysteries of Ocean Beach's black sand (a.k.a. magnetite).

Black Sand

Get your hands into magnetic sand.

At this simple but ever-popular exhibit, black sand from nearby beaches make spiky patterns that reveal the invisible magnetic field between the poles of two giant magnets.

Where: Ray and Dagmar Dolby Atrium

Exhibit Developer: Richard Gagnon, 1977

What’s going on?

The black sand at this exhibit is magnetite, a naturally occurring iron oxide mineral found in almost all igneous and metamorphic rocks.

The black sand we use at this exhibit comes from nearby Ocean Beach—but it originates in the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the east. There, granite containing iron ore breaks down into tiny grains of black sand that then erode, getting carried by rivers to San Francisco Bay and beyond.

Not usually magnetic in and of itself, black sand can and will become magnetized in the presence of another magnet. As each tiny grain of magnetized black sand becomes a (temporary) magnet itself, the magnetic field in that spot gets amplified, and more black sand gets attracted—ultimately creating the porcupine-like spikes that you see here.

Phenomena: Electromagnetic Forces, Ferromagnetism, Magnetization

Keywords: magnetic field, sand

Aliases: Magnetic Sand

Collections: Young Kids