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  • Sand vibrates on a metal surface in the Chlani Singing exhibit.
  • Exhibit developer and artist Meara O'Reilly demonstrates the Chladni Singing exhibit at the Exploratorium
  • Sand vibrates on a metal surface in the Chlani Singing exhibit.
  • Exhibit developer and artist Meara O'Reilly demonstrates the Chladni Singing exhibit at the Exploratorium

Chladni Singing

Use your voice to make visible patterns in sand.

Sand scattered on a large metal square vibrates and jumps in response to the sound of your voice. When you hit just the right note(s), the sand spontaneously migrates into elegant geometrical patterns. 


Where:   This exhibit is not currently on view.
Exhibit Developer:   Artist-in-Residence Meara O'Reilly, 2013

What’s going on?

A speaker transmits the vibrations created by your voice to the center of the metal square. From there, they radiate outward, reflecting off the edges of the square, then overlapping to create patterns of stillness and vibration.

Sand bounces off the strongly vibrating places and collects in the still places, leaving a visual record of the vibrations in the square.

Different notes vibrate the square at different rates; some special notes are resonant, meaning they vibrate the square at one of its preferred or natural frequencies, leading to extra strong vibrations and a clear and definite pattern on the square.

Chladni patterns make surface vibrations visible: Neighboring clear zones are moving in opposite directions, and sand collects in areas where the surface is still. (click image to enlarge)

 

Going further

Physicist-musician Ernst Chladni came up with the idea to use sand to reveal the pattern of vibrations on a surface in 1787.

Today, some makers of violins, cellos, and similar musical instruments still use Chladni patterns to help them craft the belly and back of each instrument, the shapes of which are crucial to the instrument’s unique voice.

The mathematics underlying Chladni patterns also helped shed light on the quantum mechanical understanding of electron orbital patterns. 

 
Phenomena: Harmonics, Natural Frequency, Motion: Periodic Motion, Nodes and Antinodes, Patterns, Resonance, Techniques to Make the Invisible Visible, Wave Excitation, Waves: Standing, Waves: Transverse
Keywords: sand, Chladni
Aliases: Scream into Sand
Collections: Artist-in-Residence, Listen

More to explore

Exploratorium: Find Your Rhythm

Find your rhythm—or bring to life the music in your head.

Science activity that explores sound waves
Siren Disk

Blowing air through a disk full of holes makes a tone.

Science activity that explores frequencies, forced vibrations, and resonance
Spaghetti Resonance

Demonstrate resonance by shaking dried spaghetti.

Science activity that demonstrates resonant frequencies
Resonant Rings

Demonstrate how different objects vibrate at different frequencies.

Related exhibits

Sound Bite
Sound Bite

Listen with your bones.

Seismograph
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Stamp your feet and make a miniature earthquake.

Aeolian Harp
Aeolian Harp

Listen to a 27-foot-tall harp that's strummed by the wind.

Oscylinderscope
Oscylinderscope

See how strings behave when they vibrate and make sound.


IMLS acknowledgment

This web project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services [MA-30-16-0175-16].

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