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Science Snacks
Science activity that transmits sounds through your body instead of the air

Radiohead

Listen to the radio in an unconventional way.

Most of the time, we hear sounds transmitted through the air, but that’s not the only way to hear things.


Grade Bands: 
K-2
3-5
6-8
9-12
Subject: 
Biology
Anatomy & Physiology
Perception
Listening & Hearing
Physics
Sound
Keywords: 
sound
vibration
resonance
NGSS and EP&Cs: 
PS
PS4
CCCs
Cause and Effect
Energy And Matter
Structure and Function

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Tools and Materials

  • A source of sound with a single, built-in speaker that is easy to reach, such as a radio or wind-up music box (for this Snack, sound makers such as boom boxes, with separated speakers, don’t always work well)
  • Earplugs
  • Sturdy plastic toothbrush with a solid plastic handle

Assembly

None needed.


To Do and Notice

Turn on the radio (or other sound source), and then put earplugs in your ears and adjust the volume low enough that you can no longer hear it.

Clasp one end of the toothbrush between your front teeth and touch the other end of the toothbrush to the radio near the vibrating speaker. You should be able to hear the radio again—but through your body instead of through the air!


What’s Going On?

When you hear sounds through the toothbrush, you’re actually hearing with many parts of your head. Vibrations from the sound source are transmitted through the hard plastic of the toothbrush into your teeth and jaw, then through the bones of your skull to the bones of your ear, and finally to the auditory nerve.

This works because bone is a relatively efficient conductor of sound, so it offers an alternate pathway for sound perception. People who have outer- or middle-ear problems may have trouble accessing and processing airborne sound vibrations, but for those whose auditory nerves can still process sound, devices that channel vibrations directly through the bones of the head can sometimes compensate for some hearing loss. Unfortunately, this method does not make up for noise-induced and age-related hearing loss. 


Going Further

In the late eighteenth century, when German composer Ludwig van Beethoven began to lose his hearing, he tried listening to his piano by clasping a wooden stick in his teeth and touching it to the piano. Two hundred years later, joggers can buy bone-conduction headphones—bluetooth-based systems that conduct sound through the cheek bones.



Related Snacks

Science activity that demonstrates sound conduction
Sound Bite

Tune in to tunes with your teeth.

Science activity to play music by wrapping a string around your head
Head Harp

Wrap a string around your head and pluck to play music.

Science activity that produces musical sounds only you can hear
Secret Bells

Create a sound system for music only you can hear.



Creative Commons License



This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Attribution: Exploratorium Teacher Institute

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